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The defining characteristic of popular media today is its fluidity. Content no longer sits in a single "box." A film isn't just a cinematic experience; it is a soundtrack on Spotify, a series of "behind-the-scenes" clips on YouTube, and a collection of digital assets in a video game. Category 89 captures this , where entertainment is designed to meet the consumer on every device they own. 2. The Power of "Popular"

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Krasnov V.S.

Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Kolontareva Yu.M.

Novartis Pharma LLC

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Siponimod: a new view at the therapy of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis

Authors:

Krasnov V.S., Kolontareva Yu.M.

More about the authors

Journal: S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2021;121(7): 124‑129

DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121071124

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SIPONIMOD: A NEW VIEW AT THE THERAPY OF SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
SIPONIMOD: A NEW VIEW AT THE THERAPY OF SECONDARY PROGRESSIVE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

To cite this article:

Krasnov VS, Kolontareva YuM. Siponimod: a new view at the therapy of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis. S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry. 2021;121(7):124‑129. (In Russ.)
https://doi.org/10.17116/jnevro2021121071124

Подписка 2026 Журнал неврологии и психиатрии им. С.С. Корсакова (S.S. Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry)
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Abstract:

Siponimod is a selective modulator of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors of types 1 and 5, registered in the Russian Federation for the treatment of patients with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS), regardless of the presence or absence of exacerbations. The effectiveness of the drug in comparison with placebo was demonstrated in patients with SPMS in the international clinical trial EXPAND (phase III). This review devotes actual problems in the treatment of patients with SPMS, discusses the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis progression, describes the peripheral and central mechanisms of siponimod action and its differences from fingolimod. According to analysis of scientific literature experimental, clinical and neuroimaging data are presented, which could explain the reasons for the successful use of siponimod in patients with SPMS, taking into account the pathophysiological mechanisms of the development of progression and the mechanisms of drug action.

Keywords:

secondary progressive multiple sclerosis
siponimod
neurodegeneration
remyelination

Authors:

Krasnov V.S.

Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University

Kolontareva Yu.M.

Novartis Pharma LLC

Received:

20.04.2021

Accepted:

04.06.2021

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The defining characteristic of popular media today is its fluidity. Content no longer sits in a single "box." A film isn't just a cinematic experience; it is a soundtrack on Spotify, a series of "behind-the-scenes" clips on YouTube, and a collection of digital assets in a video game. Category 89 captures this , where entertainment is designed to meet the consumer on every device they own. 2. The Power of "Popular"

Moving beyond passive viewing to engage audiences through polls, live streams, and community-driven narratives. Why 89 Entertainment Content Resonates

Keywords integrated: 89 entertainment content, popular media, 89 aesthetic, 89 entertainment content and popular media, retro media, VHS horror, neon-noir, nostalgia cycle.

: By 1989, cable TV had reached 53 million subscribers. MTV's influence peaked, making an artist's visual style as critical as their vocal talent, evidenced by the military-style fashion of Janet Jackson's Rhythm Nation . Global Impact : Beyond entertainment, the falling of the Berlin Wall

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